NO. 014Metalloid
Si
Silicon
Silicon is a metalloid essential to modern electronics and computing. It is the primary material used in semiconductors, solar cells, and microchips. Silicon also forms the backbone of silicate minerals, making it one of the most abundant elements in Earth’s crust.
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Technical Specifications
Atomic Mass28.085 u
Density2.33 g/cm³
Melting Point1687 K
Boiling Point3538 K
Atomic Radius118 pm
Electronegativity1.9
Ionization Energy787 kJ/mol
Electron Affinity134 kJ/mol
Bonding TypeCovalent
Oxidation States-4, 4
Acid/BaseAcidic
ReactivityMedium
Electron Configuration
[Ne] 3s2 3p2
Discovered ByJöns Jakob Berzelius
Year1824
Known Isotopes
Silicon-28Silicon-29Silicon-30