NO. 014Metalloid

Si

Silicon

Silicon is a metalloid essential to modern electronics and computing. It is the primary material used in semiconductors, solar cells, and microchips. Silicon also forms the backbone of silicate minerals, making it one of the most abundant elements in Earth’s crust.

Silicon

Technical Specifications

Atomic Mass28.085 u
Density2.33 g/cm³
Melting Point1687 K
Boiling Point3538 K
Atomic Radius118 pm
Electronegativity1.9
Ionization Energy787 kJ/mol
Electron Affinity134 kJ/mol
Bonding TypeCovalent
Oxidation States-4, 4
Acid/BaseAcidic
ReactivityMedium

Electron Configuration

[Ne] 3s2 3p2

Discovered ByJöns Jakob Berzelius
Year1824

Known Isotopes

Silicon-28Silicon-29Silicon-30