NO. 023Transition

V

Vanadium

Vanadium is a hard metal used to strengthen steel alloys and is essential in some biological enzymes in trace amounts.

Crystal Structure

Body-centered cubic (bcc)

Atomic Mass50.94 u

Density6.11 g/cm³

Melting Point2183 K

Boiling Point3680 K

Atomic Radius134 pm

Electronegativity1.63

Ionization Energy651 kJ/mol

Electron Affinity51 kJ/mol

Bonding TypeMetallic

Oxidation States2, 3, 4, 5

Acid/BaseCan act as acid or base

ReactivityMedium

Electron Configuration

[Ar] 3d3 4s2

Discovered ByAndrés Manuel del Río

Year1801

Known Isotopes

V-50V-51