NO. 041Transition

Nb

Niobium

Niobium is a soft, gray Transition mainly used in steel alloys and superconducting materials due to its stability at high temperatures.

Crystal Structure

Body-centered cubic (bcc)

Atomic Mass92.91 u

Density8.57 g/cm³

Melting Point2750 K

Boiling Point5017 K

Atomic Radius146 pm

Electronegativity1.6

Ionization Energy652 kJ/mol

Electron Affinity86 kJ/mol

Bonding TypeMetallic

Oxidation States3, 5

Acid/BaseBasic

ReactivityLow

Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d4 5s1

Discovered ByCharles Hatchett

Year1801

Known Isotopes

Nb-93